Stop Using Plastic Bags

Berikut ini merupakan salah satu contoh hortatory exposition text. Sebelum membaca lebih lanjut contoh di bawah ini, perlu kita ingat kembali bahwa tujuan teks eksposisi adalah untuk memaparkan argumen berdasarkan informasi atau fakta yang telah dirangkum tentang suatu hal/masalah yang seharusnya mendapatkan perhatian. Secara tidak langsung, teks ini bertujuan mempengaruhi pembaca tentang suatu permasalahan tertentu. Tentu saja cara mempengaruhi pembaca yaitu dengan memaparkan argumen-argumen yang telah dikumpulkan terlebih dahulu berdasarkan fakta-fakta atau data-data yang ada.

Teks eksposisi sendiri dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu hortatory exposition dan analytical exposition. Perbedaan kedua jenis teks eksposisi tersebut terletak pada bagian akhir teks. Berikut struktur kedua teks tersebut supaya lebih jelas.

the general structure of analytical exposition texts:

- Thesis : berisi tentang suatu pernyataan tentang permasalahan tertentu.
- Arguments : berisi tentang alasan-alasan untuk medukung thesis yang dikemukakan.
- Reiteration : berisi tentang simpulan dari thesis dan arguments yang dikemukakan.


the general structure of hortatory exposition text:

- Thesis : berisi tentang suatu pernyataan tentang permasalahan tertentu.
- Arguments : berisi tentang alasan-alasan untuk medukung thesis yang dikemukakan.
- Recommendation : berisi tentang saran dari penulis atas thesis dan arguments yang dikemukakan.

Terlihat jelas kan kalau perbedaannya hanya terletak di bagian akhir paragraf saja. pada teks analytical exposition, bagian akhir berisi kesimpulan posisi/sikap penulis tentang argumen-argumen yang telah disampaikan sebelumnya, atau berisi tentang penguatan pernyataan pada bagian thesis. Biasanya di bagian akhir ini diawali dengan Based on the arguments above, The conclusion is, In my conclusion.

Sedangkan pada bagian akhir teks hortatory exposition berisi tentang kesimpulan beserta saran-saran yang dapat dilakukan untuk menanggapai suatu permasalahan tertentu berdasarkan argumen-argumen yang telah dinyatakan sebelumnya. Biasanya di bagian akhir ini berisi keywords should, should not.


Here below is an example of hortatory text.

Thesis:

Plastic is the common thing that we can find in all aspects of life, such as in the form of plastic bags, plastic cups, plastic bottles, plastic toys, etc. Then, where is the end of our plastic trash? We see them floating on the river, being scattered on the ground, and sometimes we see some of them being on a tip of tree. Surprisingly, most of them are plastic bags that are used for containing our stuff or items. Unconsciously, that trash contaminates our environment because of its harmful chemical additives. It can lead to environmental problems and serious health risks. Thus, we should stop using plastic bags considering the bad effects of them.


1st argument:

A plastic is an artificial substance that is made of carbon from petroleum, natural gas, coal, or biological sources. The elements can be combined in various combinations in order to form a certain property and characteristic, for example plastic bag. Thus, most plastic bags are made of various chemical additives. Because of that flexible shape and use of plastic bag, it has been a part of our lives for more than 100 years and becomes increasingly used for its multiple functions.


2nd argument:

Only few plastic bags are recycled. Most of them end up in a landfill and ocean. They need a long time to be decomposed. Then, they break down into toxic particles that become part of the soil and water. According to Geenpeace organisation, at least 267 marine species are known to have suffered from getting entangled in or ingesting marine debris which 90% of that is plastic. A plastic bag which is floating in the water and a jellyfish are very difficult to be differentiated. Thus, plastic bags are easily mistaken for food and eaten by marine animals that consume jellyfish. This case makes plastic bags become dangerous for ocean wildlife.


3rd argument:

Furthermore, plastic bags also give bad effects for our health. The components of plastics; polyvinyl, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc. can cause health problems, such as cancer, birth defects, genetic changes, chronic bronchitis, indigestion, and liver dysfunction. The toxic particles of plastics in the ocean may be involved in food chain to fish and to human consumers. Unconsciously, it causes health problems for us by eating that contaminated fish. In other way, black plastic bags that we usually use to put our foods contain higher chemical additives because it has been recycled many times. Easily, foods can be contaminated with high risk toxic, for example carcinogens that cause cancer.

Recommendation:
Cosidering the effects above, we should be aware that plastics have bad effects to our environment and health. Plastic can cause environmental problems and health risks. To minimalize those effects, from now on we should stop using plastic bags to avoid the bad effects of that. We should switch to reusable bags for containing our shopping stuff. Moreover, reusable bags’ materials do not harm the environment and it is safe for foods.

**taken from many sources

Should Smoking be banned in Restaurants?

Smoking bans has been debated since there are many countries ban smoking in public areas, such as in United States, Italy, and Turkey. It is not only in public areas such as hospital and public transportation, but also in private areas such as restaurants, bars, café which are the owners have their own right to rule their business place. People have their own right to choose. Perhaps, smoking should not be banned in public places because it is the smoker's choice to smoke just as it is the non-smokers choice not to smoke.

Most controversial debate is going on public smoking ban. There have been a lot of arguments brought up both in agree and against smoking bans. People against smoking bans say that freedom of choice would be affected by such legislation. They say that smoking bans damage business. A smoking ban could lead to a significant fall in earnings from bars, restaurants, and tobacco industries. The most effect of smoking ban at restaurant is the lower benefit gained by many restaurants and bars. According to research by Dave Kuneman, worked for 6 years in the 1980s as a research chemist, has shown that smoking bans damage bar and restaurant businesses 80% of the time. Further, other studies which find that smoking bans don’t damage business are odd because they use tax revenue and employment data to determine ban effects and fail to measure for a sufficient length of time before and after bans take effect.


On the other hand, Some of the arguments which are agree with smoking bans are based on medical reason. Smoking ban is one of the ways for reducing smoking and recognizing non-smokers' right to health protection. They also stated that passive smoking or second hand smoke does carry risks. The health situation could be significantly improved if one of the risk factors, that is tobacco, was eliminated.


However, Patrick Carroll, president of the Cincinnati, Ohio based Buckeye Liquor Permit Holders Association, states that too many places (bars and restaurants) are losing too much money and that some are even on the verge of closing their doors. Bar and restaurant owners are extremely upset because the ban is taking away their rights and sales are decreasing. Since the May 3rd ban, most Ohio bars’ sales are down 50%, and some even 70%.

In conclusion, smoker has a basic human right to smoke in public places and the ban is a limitation for smokers' rights. Smokers light a cigarette because they need to smoke, not because they want it. So, it is not fair if smoking should be banned in public places. It is the smoker's choice to smoke just as it is the non-smokers choice not to smoke. In my opinion as non-smoker, I realize that smoking is not good for health; however I cannot ask people to stop smoking when it is occurred at public areas, especially at restaurant. It will be better for me to move than disturb someone’s right.

(taken from many sources)